What is a water mist fire suppression system?
A water mist system is a fire suppression system that uses very fine water droplets (less than 1 mm in diameter) to control, suppress, or extinguish fire more efficiently than traditional water-based systems.
By breaking water into a fine mist, the system increases the surface area of each droplet. This allows it to absorb heat more effectively, displace oxygen at the fire source, and limit fire growth using significantly less water.
How do water mist systems work?
The performance of the system depends on several factors, including:
- Nozzle design and droplet size
- System pressure and flow rate
- Detection and activation method
- Nozzle placement and orientation
Some modern systems, such as Automist, combine water mist with intelligent fire detection and targeted discharge, allowing the system to identify a fire and direct water specifically at the heat source rather than distributing it broadly across a room.
The fire plume acts like a pump, entraining surrounding air and water droplets into the flame. Automist uses this effect, with nozzles positioned lower in the room so that evaporation occurs at the seat of the fire rather than in the hot layer above, improving cooling and suppression efficiency.
Technical definition of a water mist system
A water mist system is defined as:
An automatic fire suppression system connected to a water supply that discharges atomized water through one or more nozzles, intended to control, suppress, or extinguish fire.
What standards apply to water mist systems?
Water mist systems are governed by NFPA 750, the standard for water mist fire protection systems. This standard sets minimum requirements based on engineering principles, fire testing, and real-world performance data.
The 2023 edition of NFPA 750 recognizes electronically operated automatic water mist nozzles, which are:
Normally closed nozzles activated by electrical signals from fire detection and control systems.
This category reflects the evolution of water mist technology toward intelligent, detection-based activation, rather than purely mechanical triggers.
NFPA 750 also requires that systems be tested and listed, meaning they must demonstrate proven fire performance under controlled conditions before being approved for use.
Why are water mist systems becoming more popular?
Over the past 30 years, water mist technology has gained adoption because it can:
- Use significantly less water than traditional sprinklers
- Reduce water damage after activation
- Improve fire control efficiency through better heat absorption
- Support modern building design where water supply or drainage may be limited
Advanced systems, like Automist, that combine targeted discharge and intelligent detection further enhance these benefits by improving response time and limiting impact on the home.
UL 2167A is the UL standard certifying Automist, created for electronically controlled, targeted watermist systems in a residential settings. It requires systems to demonstrate they can “control, extinguish, or suppress fire” through rigorous testing in realistic scenarios, while also verifying spray performance and reliability under real-world conditions. Applicable to wall-mounted systems in one- and two-family dwellings and installed in accordance with NFPA 750, it provides AHJs and insurers with an independent, recognised basis that the system can reduce fire risk and protect life.
Learn moreThis comparison explains how Automist and traditional fire sprinklers differ in what happens after activation, particularly in terms of water use, damage, and insurance impact. While sprinklers are effective at controlling fires, they rely on heat buildup and discharge large volumes of water broadly until manually shut off, often leading to significant secondary damage and costly repairs even in small incidents. They can also activate unintentionally due to impact, heat from non-fire sources, freezing pipes, or component failure. In contrast, Automist uses targeted water mist at much lower flow rates, activates earlier through verified fire detection, and shuts off automatically, resulting in minimal water use and limited damage in documented real-world events. These differences lead to distinct risk profiles, with sprinkler systems typically associated with lower frequency but higher severity claims, while water mist systems may reduce overall damage and disruption, though insurance treatment varies.
Learn morePossibly. While insurance discounts or “policy credits” are determined on a case-by-case basis, Automist has already been used successfully to secure coverage and lower premiums for high-value homes — especially in wildfire-prone areas and PPC 10 risk classifications where traditional coverage is increasingly difficult to obtain.
As insurers tighten underwriting criteria due to rising wildfire risk and water damage claims, automatic discounts for standard fire suppression systems are becoming less common. However, Automist stands out as an innovative loss mitigation solution — not only by reducing fire damage, but also by minimizing the risk of excessive water damage, which is a major cost concern for insurers.
Learn moreNFPA 750 is the Standard on Water Mist Fire Protection Systems, published by the National Fire Protection Association. It establishes minimum requirements for the design, installation, maintenance and testing of water mist systems based on engineering principles, fire test data and field experience. Where NFPA 13D prescribes specific design rules for residential sprinklers, NFPA 750 takes a performance-based approach: it sets the framework, but reliance is placed on listed equipment that has demonstrated performance through fire testing, installed in accordance with the manufacturer’s instructions.
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